MITRE ATT&CK
The MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) framework is a comprehensive knowledge base that documents adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. It is widely used in the cybersecurity community to understand and defend against cyber threats. Here's a detailed explanation:
What is MITRE ATT&CK?
MITRE ATT&CK is a globally accessible knowledge base that provides a detailed taxonomy of adversary behaviors, including cyber adversaries' tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). It is designed to help organizations develop threat models and methodologies to improve their cybersecurity posture.
Key Components of MITRE ATT&CK:
- Tactics: Tactics represent the "why" of an adversary's actions. They are the high-level objectives that adversaries aim to achieve during an attack. Examples include Initial Access, Execution, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, Defense Evasion, Credential Access, Discovery, Lateral Movement, Collection, Command and Control, Exfiltration, and Impact.
- Techniques: Techniques describe "how" adversaries achieve their tactical goals. They provide detailed descriptions of the methods used to accomplish specific objectives. Each tactic can have multiple associated techniques. For example, under the tactic "Initial Access," techniques might include Phishing, Drive-by Compromise, and Exploit Public-Facing Applications.
- Sub-techniques: Sub-techniques provide more granular details about specific methods within a technique. They offer a deeper understanding of how adversaries execute particular actions. For example, under the technique "Phishing," sub-techniques might include Spearphishing Attachment, Spearphishing Link, and Spearphishing via Service.
- Procedures: Procedures are specific implementations or instances of techniques and sub-techniques observed in real-world attacks. They provide concrete examples of how adversaries have used these methods in practice.
Domains of MITRE ATT&CK:
- Enterprise: This domain covers traditional enterprise IT environments, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and cloud platforms. It focuses on tactics and techniques to target enterprise networks and systems.
- Mobile: This domain addresses the tactics and techniques for targeting mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. It includes platforms like Android and iOS.
- ICS (Industrial Control Systems): This domain focuses on the tactics and techniques used to target industrial control systems, which are critical for managing infrastructure such as power plants, manufacturing facilities, and transportation systems.
How MITRE ATT&CK is Used:
- Threat Intelligence: Analysts use MITRE ATT&CK to structure, compare, and analyze threat intelligence. It provides a common language to describe adversary behaviors and helps identify patterns and trends in cyber threats.
- Detection and Analytics: Cyber defenders use MITRE ATT&CK to develop and refine detection capabilities. By understanding adversaries' techniques, defenders can create analytics to detect these behaviors in their environments.
- Adversary Emulation: Red teams and penetration testers use MITRE ATT&CK to simulate adversary behaviors during security assessments. This helps organizations identify weaknesses and improve their defenses.
- Security Operations: Security operations centers (SOCs) use MITRE ATT&CK to prioritize and respond to security incidents. It helps SOC analysts understand the context of an attack and take appropriate actions to mitigate the threat.
Conclusion:
MITRE ATT&CK is an invaluable resource for the cybersecurity community. It provides a detailed and structured approach to understanding and defending against cyber threats. By leveraging this knowledge base, organizations can enhance their threat detection, response, and overall cybersecurity posture.
This is covered in CompTIA CySA+, Pentest+, & Security+.