CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Core 1 - Cat Standards
A+ 220-1101 Cat Standards Ethernet
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Email-based attacks
EMAIL ATTACKS Phishing • Email based • Prevented by DMARC Spear phishing • Email based • Multiple people in the same department/company • Prevented by DMARC Whaling • Email based • C-Level (CEO, CFO, etc) Board of Directors • Specific to the person it targets
SQL Injection Attack
SQLi SQLi (SQL Injection) · Server-side attack · A query formatted: ‘ or ‘1’=’1’ -- is a SQL injection attack. · SELECT * FROM · Prevented by o Input validation o Removing semi-colons, dashes, quotations, & commas o Stored procedures
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) Attack
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) Client-side attack JavaScript HTML iFrame URL ends in .js Percent encoding %C (<) & %3E (>)
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS): Protecting Your Website with HTTPS
HSTS HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a web security policy mechanism that forces web browsers to interact with a website using only HTTPS (secure HTTP) connections, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks and protocol downgrade attacks. It achieves this by sending a "Strict-Transport-Security" HTTP response header from the server to the browser, instructing it to always use HTTPS for future visits to that site and its subdomains (if specified). Here's a more detailed explanation: How HSTS Works: 1. Initial HTTPS Connection: The first time a user accesses a website with HSTS enabled, they must connect using HTTPS, and the server sends back an HSTS header. 2. HSTS Header: The header includes a max-age directive, specifying how long (in seconds) the browser should remember to use HTTPS for that domain. It may also include includeSubDomains to apply the rule to all subdomains, and preload to allow the site to be included in a browser's built-in list of HSTS sites...
USB Data Blockers: Safeguarding Your Devices Against Juice Jacking
USB Data Blocker / Prevent Juice Jacking A USB data blocker, often referred to as a "USB condom," is a small device designed to protect your devices from potential security threats when charging via public USB ports. Here's a detailed explanation: What is a USB Data Blocker? A USB data blocker is a device that connects between your device (like a smartphone or tablet) and a USB charging port. Its primary function is to block data transfer while allowing power to pass through, ensuring that your device charges safely without the risk of data theft or malware infection. How Does a USB Data Blocker Work? USB cables have multiple pins that serve different functions, including data transfer and power delivery. A USB data blocker disables the pins responsible for data transfer, allowing only the power pins to function. This means that while your device can still receive power and charge, no data can be transferred to or from the device. Why Do You Need a USB Data Blocker? Publ...
Juice Jacking: Understanding the Threat of Public USB Charging
Juice Jacking Juice jacking is a type of cyber-attack that targets devices like smartphones and tablets when they are charged via public USB ports. Here's a detailed explanation: What is Juice Jacking? Juice jacking occurs when a malicious actor uses a compromised USB charging port or cable to either install malware on a device or steal data from it. This attack exploits the fact that USB cables can transfer both power and data. How Does Juice Jacking Work? When you plug your device into a public USB charging station, such as those found in airports, cafes, or other public places, you might unknowingly connect to a compromised port. The attacker can use this connection to: Install Malware: Malicious software can be installed on your device, which can then be used to steal data, track your activities, or even take control of your device. Steal Data: Sensitive information such as contacts, emails, photos, and passwords can be copied from your device without your knowledge. Types o...
Regulations and Standards
Regulations and Standards to know for the exam NIST RMF: Supply chain risks ISO 27001: Organization meets the security standards ISO 27002: Classifies security controls ISO 27017 & 27018: Cloud security ISO 27701: Personal data & privacy ISO 31000 / 31K: Risk assessments GDPR: European Union / International Standards · Data owners, data controllers, data processors, & data protection officer · Data owner: responsible for determining how the data may be used · Data controller: responsible for the protection of privacy & website user rights · Data Protection Officer: Independent advocate for care & use of customer information, & responsible for ensuring the organization is complying with relevant laws PCI DSS: · ...
2-Step verification
2-Step Verification or Out-of-Band This process is completed by generating a software token on a server and sending it to a user. The token can be sent via: SMS (Short Message Service): The code is sent to a registered phone number Email: The code is emailed to a registered email account Push Notification: The code is sent to an authenticator app on a smartphone or PC. This is seamless. The user does not have to enter the code; just tap the notification. Phone call: The code is sent as an automated phone call (voice) to a registered phone number