Lock Picking Techniques Explained: Methods, Tools, and Pros & Cons

 Lock Picking - Need to know for Pentest+ exam

Lock picking is the practice of unlocking a lock by manipulating its components without using the original key. It’s commonly used in physical security assessments, locksmithing, and penetration testing. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the main methods of lock picking, especially for pin tumbler locks (the most common type):

1. Single Pin Picking (SPP)

Description: The most precise and controlled method.

Involves lifting each pin individually to the shear line using a hook pick while applying tension to the lock.

Pros: 

• High success rate with practice.

• Works on high-security locks.

Cons: 

• Time-consuming.

• Requires skill and patience.

2. Raking

Description: A faster, less precise method.

Uses a rake tool to scrub across the pins while applying tension, hoping to set multiple pins quickly.

Pros:

• Quick and effective on low-security locks.

• Great for beginners.

Cons:

• Less effective on high-security or well-made locks.

• Not always reliable.

3. Bumping

Description: Uses a specially cut bump key that fits the lock.

A light tap on the key causes the pins to jump, briefly aligning at the shear line.

Pros:

• Fast and easy.

• Works on many standard pin tumbler locks.

Cons:

• Requires a bump key for each lock type.

• Noisy and can damage the lock.

4. Impressioning

Description: Involves inserting a blank key and manipulating it to create marks from the pins.

These marks guide the cutting of a working key.

Pros:

• Creates a usable key.

• Useful for covert entry.

Cons:

• Time-consuming.

• Requires skill and specialized tools.

5. Decoding

Description: Used on combination locks or locks with visible mechanisms.

Involves reading or measuring the lock’s internal configuration to determine the correct combination or key cuts.

Pros:

• Non-destructive.

• Useful for padlocks and safes.

Cons:

• Limited to specific lock types.

• Requires specialized knowledge.

6. Bypassing

Description: Avoids the lock mechanism entirely.

Uses tools to directly manipulate the latch, cam, or locking mechanism.

Pros:

• Fast and effective.

• Works on poorly designed locks.

Cons:

• Doesn’t work on all locks.

• May require access to the lock’s internals.

7. Using a Plug Spinner

Description: Used after picking a lock in the wrong direction.

Spins the plug quickly to the correct direction without resetting the pins.

Pros:

• Saves time if the lock was picked backward.

Cons:

• Only useful in specific situations.